#: c01:BorgSingleton.py
# Alex Martelli's 'Borg'

class Borg:
  _shared_state = {}
  def __init__(self):
    self.__dict__ = self._shared_state

class Singleton(Borg):
  def __init__(self, arg):
    Borg.__init__(self)
    self.val = arg
  def __str__(self): return self.val

x = Singleton('sausage')
print x
y = Singleton('eggs')
print y
z = Singleton('spam')
print z
print x
print y
print `x`
print `y`
print `z`
output = '''
sausage
eggs
spam
spam
spam
<__main__.Singleton instance at 0079EF2C>
<__main__.Singleton instance at 0079E10C>
<__main__.Singleton instance at 00798F9C>
'''
#:~